1. To develop a very brief intervention incorporating cancer risk targeted at improving understanding of perceived vulnerability to cancer and increasing response-efficacy related to preventive behaviour change which could be implemented within primary care;
2. To assess the acceptability and efficacy of delivering the very brief intervention of cancer risk information online; and
3. To assess the feasibility, acceptability and potential efficacy of incorporating the very brief intervention into NHS Health Checks and other consultations within primary care and and collect process data to inform a subsequent large-scale RCT

These were achieved through five linked studies:

1. Development of simple risk models incorporating modifiable risk factors for the most preventable cancers
2. Systematic reviews of the impact of interventions incorporating information about cancer risk on intention to change health-related behaviours and health-related behaviours themselves and on understanding of risk
3. Development of a theory-based brief intervention that could be implemented within primary care consultations using data collected from interviews, focus groups and usability testing with healthcare professionals involved in the delivery of prevention services.
4. A pilot study of incorporating the intervention within NHS Health Checks and chronic disease reviews
5. A randomised controlled trial of providing online risk information and lifestyle advice for the most common preventable cancers

Mills K, Paxton B, Walter FM, Griffin SJ, Sutton S, Usher-Smith JA. Incorporating a very brief intervention for personalised cancer risk assessment to promote behaviour change in primary care: a pilot study. BMC Public Health. 2021 Jan 23;21(1):205. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10210-3

Paxton B, Mills K, Griffin SJ, Sutton S, Usher-Smith JA. Assessing fidelity of the NHS Health Check in Primary Care. BJGP Open 2020 Oct 27;4(4):bjgpopen20X101077. doi: 10.3399/bjgpopen20X101077

Masson G, Mills KM, Sharp SJ, Sutton S, Klein WM, Griffin SJ, Usher-Smith JA. Effect of providing online risk information and lifestyle advice for the most common preventable cancers: a randomised controlled trial. Preventive Medicine. May 28:106154. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106154.

Mills K, Griffin SJ, Sutton S, Usher-Smith JA. Development and usability testing of a very brief intervention for personalised cancer risk assessment to promote behaviour change in primary care using normalisation process theory. Primary Health Care Research & Development. Jan 14;21:e1. doi: 10.1017/S146342361900080X

Usher-Smith JA, Sharp SJ, Luben R, Griffin SJ. Development and validation of lifestyle-based prediction models for the prevention of the most common preventable cancers. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention Sep 13. pii: cebp.0400.2018. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0400

Usher-Smith JA, Masson G, Mills KM, Sharp SJ, Sutton S, Klein WM, Griffin SJ. A randomised controlled trial of the effect of providing online risk information and lifestyle advice for the most common preventable cancers: study protocol. BMC Public Health 18(1):796. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5712-2

Bayne M, Fairey M, Silarova B, Griffin SJ, Sharp SJ, Klein WMP, Sutton S, Usher-Smith JA. Effect of interventions including provision of personalised cancer risk information on accuracy of risk perception and psychological responses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Patient Education and Counselling Jan;103(1):83-95. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2019.08.010

Usher-Smith JA, Silarova B, Sharp SJ, Mills KM, Griffin SJ. Effect of interventions incorporating personalised cancer risk information on intentions and behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 8(1):e017717. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017717

Data

The technical code for the risk models developed and used within this programme is freely available here

Anonymous data from each of the studies within the I-CaPP programme will be made available via the University of Cambridge data repository service and links added here.